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2H1 - Exchange and Breathing Questions

1. What two gases are exchanged in the lungs?

2. What other two things are exchanged within the human body?

3. Exchange takes place at epithelial cells

a. What are the three main types

b. For each – give an example of where they occur

c. What three factors play a role in the rate of diffusion?

4. Breathing in is inspiration, breathing out is expiration

a. What movements take place (three things) during inspiration?

b. And the same for expiration?

c. What difference is there between expiration when sedentary and when exercising?

5. Explain what is mean by the pleural cavity and why it is important

6. Name the steps that air will take from entering the mouth to reaching the alveoli (i.e. name the “tubes)

7. Give three things about the alveoli and surroundings that make exchange efficient

8. Explain what is meant by double circulation

9. Explain what is meant by each of these terms

a. Tidal volume

b. Ventilation rate

c. Residual volume

d. Vital capacity

e. Inspiratory reserve volume

f. Expiratory reserve volume

10. Total lung capacity is the total of air that can be in the lungs.

a. What, typically, would this figure be?

b. Give four factors that might affect this amount?

11. Describe how a spirometer works

12. Three of the main gases in air are nitrogen, oxygen and CO2. Write down the approximate percentage of each in

a. Inhaled air

b. Exhaled air

13. What two structures are present in the main airway, and what are their purposes?

14. Carbon monoxide will have negative effects on the smoker.

a. Give three examples of these

b. Give two other chemicals in smoke that may also be damaging

15. What can smoking do to the cilia in the trachea?

16. Give three potential negative effects that smoking can have on fetuses

17. Breathing is controlled through a respiratory centre

a. Where in the brain is this located?

b. Which two sources does it take sensory information from?

c. Which two muscles does it send outputs to?

d. And which nerves does it use to do this?

e. Which gas has the main effect on depth of breathing?

f. What is triggered to stop breathing in?

g. Give three factors that may trigger an increase in breathing when exercising

18. Breathing can also be voluntarily controlled

a. Give two examples of when this would be useful

b. Whereabouts in the brain is this controlled?

Also See

• Digestion Revision Questions (A Level))

Comments

These notes were originally written by iainmacn in this thread on TSR Forums.

[[Category:Biology Revision Notes|Exchange and Breathing Revision Questions (A Level)]